Every ingredient is dosed at clinically studied levels. Nothing is underdosed. Nothing is added for label appeal. Click any ingredient below to see the research behind the decision.
Four electrolytes in ratios that mirror what the body actually loses during exertion. No filler. No sugar. Just the ions your cells need to maintain fluid balance, fire nerves, and contract muscle.
Sodium controls water distribution across cell membranes and maintains blood plasma volume during exertion. At 300mg, this dose replaces sodium lost in approximately 500ml of average sweat output — the most critical electrolyte to replenish first.
Counterbalances sodium to regulate the cell resting membrane potential. A potassium deficit impairs neuromuscular transmission, slows nerve conduction velocity, and directly contributes to exercise-induced cramping and early fatigue.
Cofactor in over 300 enzymatic reactions including ATP synthesis, protein synthesis, and muscle contraction. Citrate salt chosen for superior bioavailability (~30%) versus the common oxide form (<4%) — genuine uptake, not just label milligrams.
Calcium triggers muscle fibre contraction by binding the troponin complex. Citrate salt chosen because — unlike carbonate — it requires no stomach acid for absorption, providing consistent uptake regardless of when you consume it.
Seven ingredients targeting different mechanisms of cognitive performance — from neurotransmitter synthesis and stress adaptation to sustained attention and clean stimulation. Each dosed at the threshold validated by human clinical research.
The only form of citicoline with human clinical trials. Increases brain ATP production by 14%, boosts neuronal membrane phospholipid synthesis, and elevates acetylcholine — the neurotransmitter of focus and working memory.
One of the most abundant amino acids in the brain. Regulates intracellular calcium, reduces neuronal oxidative stress, and acts as an osmoregulator — maintaining cell volume during dehydration, bridging the electrolyte and nootropic actions in a single ingredient.
Under stress, the brain depletes catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine). L-Tyrosine replenishes the precursor pool, preserving working memory and executive function under cognitive load. Confirmed by multiple military studies under sleep deprivation.
Standardised to the clinical ratio (3% rosavins / 1% salidroside). Modulates the HPA axis to blunt cortisol, inhibits MAO-A and MAO-B to preserve monoamines, and directly counters mental fatigue. Double-blind trial in physicians on night duty confirmed significant fatigue reduction.
Increases alpha brain wave activity (8–12Hz), the frequency of alert relaxation. At a 2:1 ratio with caffeine (200mg:100mg) it removes caffeine's anxiety and vasoconstriction while amplifying sustained attention — the most replicated nootropic stack in the literature.
Ginsenosides modulate neurotransmission, reduce neuroinflammation, and improve cerebral blood flow. Clinical trials show significant improvements in working memory speed and calmness within a single 200mg dose — one of the most evidence-supported cognitive botanicals.
100mg is the clinically validated sweet spot — sufficient to block adenosine receptors and improve reaction time, sustained attention, and processing speed, without the anxiety or sleep disruption of higher doses. The 300mg L-Theanine creates a synergistic clean-energy profile with no crash.
All eight B vitamins in their most bioavailable forms — methylated where it matters (B6 as P5P, B9 as Methylfolate, B12 as Methylcobalamin). The metabolic backbone that converts food into brain energy and synthesises the neurotransmitters the nootropic complex targets.
Essential cofactor for pyruvate dehydrogenase — the gateway enzyme converting glucose into acetyl-CoA for brain energy. The brain is entirely dependent on glucose metabolism; B1 deficiency causes cognitive deterioration rapidly.
Converted to FAD and FMN — coenzymes essential to the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Also activates B6 into its P5P form, meaning riboflavin amplifies the neurotransmitter synthesis effects downstream in this formula.
Niacinamide (not niacin) avoids flushing while serving as the primary precursor to NAD+ — the molecule central to cellular energy, DNA repair, and sirtuin pathway activation.
Required to synthesise Coenzyme A — the hub of the Krebs cycle — and for adrenal cortisol production during stress. Often called the "anti-stress vitamin" for its HPA axis role, directly complementing Rhodiola Rosea in this formula.
P5P (pyridoxal-5'-phosphate) is the biologically active form of B6 — no liver conversion required. Required for synthesis of serotonin, dopamine, GABA, and norepinephrine. Directly amplifies the downstream effects of L-Tyrosine in the nootropic complex.
Coenzyme for five carboxylase enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis. The brain's white matter is primarily composed of fatty acids — adequate biotin is critical for maintaining the myelin sheath that enables fast nerve signal conduction.
Methylfolate (5-MTHF) bypasses the MTHFR enzyme conversion that up to 40% of people cannot perform efficiently. Donates methyl groups directly for serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine synthesis, and drives the methylation cycle critical for brain health.
Methylcobalamin (not cyanocobalamin) crosses the blood-brain barrier more efficiently and is retained in tissue longer. Works synergistically with Methylfolate to complete the methylation cycle and maintain myelin integrity for fast nerve conduction.
* These statements have not been evaluated by the Therapeutic Goods Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Study references are provided for informational purposes and relate to the individual ingredients at the doses cited. Individual results may vary.